Síndrome de Goltz o Hipoplasia dérmica focal / Goltz Syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de Goltz o hipoplasia dérmica focal es una enfermedad genética rara del grupo de las displasias ectodérmicas con un mecanismo de herencia dominante ligado al cromosoma X. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas del síndrome de Goltz, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 4 años de edad diagnosticada con síndrome de Goltz. Se valora en equipo multidisciplinario con las especialidades de genética, cirugía maxilofacial, estomatología, dermatología, oftalmología, ortopedia y el servicio de otorrinolaringología. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Goltz se caracteriza principalmente por afectación cutánea; anomalías oculares, dentales, faciales y esqueléticas; afectación del aparato gastrointestinal, urinario, cardiovascular y sistema nervioso central con grado variable de severidad. Su diagnóstico es clínico. La atención interdisciplinaria es fundamental para el adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento; su pronóstico depende del grado de afectación(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Goltz syndrome also known as focal dermal hypoplasia is a rare genetic disease in the ectodermal dysplasia´s group and with a mechanism of dominant inheritance linked to the X chromosome. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of the Goltz syndrome, its diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation: Case of a 4 year-old female patient diagnosed with Goltz syndrome. She was studied by a multidisciplinary team including Genetics, Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics and ORL specialists. Conclusions: Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia is mainly characterized by skin affectations; eyes, dental, skeletal, and face anomalies; gastrointestinal tract, urinary, cardiovascular and central nervous systems´ affections with varying degrees of severity. The diagnosis is clinical. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for a proper diagnosis and treatment; and prognosis depends on the grade of severity(AU)

Hipoplasia dérmica focal / Focal Dermal Hypoplasia

El síndrome de Goltz llamado también hipoplasia dérmica focal es una rara dermatosis que fue definida por primera vez por Goltz en el año 1962. Se la considera una genodermatosis de presentación esporádica (95% de los pacientes) aunque se han reportado casos de transmisión familiar. Compromete estructuras derivadas del mesodermo y ectodermo con predominio en el sexo femenino acompañada de herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X. La mutación en el gen PORCN (locus Xp11.23) es letal en la mayoría de varones. La importancia de su publicación radica en su baja frecuencia y las manifestaciones clínicas características que ayudan al establecer el diagnóstico.

Goltz syndrome, also called focal dermal hypoplasia, is a rare dermatosis that was first defined by Goltz in 1962. It is considered a genodermatosis with sporadic presentation (95% of patients) although familiar aggregation has been reported. It compromises mesodermal and ectodermal structures, most frequently in female patients, its inheritance mode is dominant X linked. The mutation in the PORCN gene (locus Xp11.23) is lethal in the majority of males. The importance of its publication lies in its low frequency and clinical characteristic that helps in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Hipoplasia dérmica focal (síndrome de Goltz) / Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome)

Resumen: Introducción: La hipoplasia dérmica focal o síndrome de Goltz es una rara genodermatosis de herencia dominante ligada al X, que afecta al tejido proveniente de las placas del ectodermo y del mesodermo. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza por alteraciones cutáneas, oftálmicas, neurológicas, dentales, ungueales, bucales, de tejidos blandos y esqueléticas. El diagnóstico se realiza por los hallazgos clínicos en un individuo con alteraciones ectodérmicas y malformaciones características en las extremidades. El manejo es multidisciplinario y, al igual que el pronóstico, depende de las alteraciones específicas que presente cada paciente. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de sexo femenino, de 15 días de vida, con zonas de alopecia en piel cabelluda, herniación de tejido celular subcutáneo en varias áreas de todos los segmentos corporales, escotadura en ala nasal, hendidura en encía superior, defecto grave de extremidad superior izquierda con rizomelia (acortamiento de segmento proximal) y aplasia de radio, así como ectrodactilia de miembro pélvico derecho. Todos los hallazgos son compatibles con hipoplasia dérmica focal de acuerdo con los criterios diagnósticos. Conclusiones: Se presenta el caso de una paciente recién nacida con síndrome de Goltz.

Abstract: Background: Focal dermal hypoplasia or Goltz syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant inherited genodermatosis, affecting both the ectodermal and mesodermal tissue. Clinical manifestations include skin abnormalities, defects in eyes, teeth, nails, mouth, soft tissues and skeleton. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and is suspected in individuals with ectodermal abnormalities and characteristic malformations in the extremities. The management is multidisciplinary and, like the prognosis, depends on the specific alterations that each patient presents. Case report: We report the case of a 15-day-old female newborn with alopecic areas on the scalp, herniation of subcutaneous cellular tissue at the lumbar level, nasal wing notch, severe left superior limb defect with rhizomelia (proximal segment shortening) and radio aplasia, as well as right leg ectrodactyly, areas of atrophy compatible with focal dermal hypoplasia according to diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: We present a case of female newborn patient with Goltz syndrome.

Unilateral tonsilar hypertrophy in a 4-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy resulting in severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a 4-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH, Goltz or Goltz-Gorlin) Syndrome.METHODS:Design: Case ReportSetting: Tertiary Private Teaching HospitalPatient: OneRESULTS: A 4-year-old girl with Goltz Syndrome (classical features of cutaneous and osteopathic disorders since birth) and unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy manifested with snoring and apneic episodes at two years of age. Polysomnography revealed severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Arterial Blood Gases revealed metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia. A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy improved breathing, appetite and sleep with resolution of snoring and apneic spells and final tonsil histopathology revealed lymphoepithelial polyp.CONCLUSION: A 4-year-old child with Goltz syndrome who developed severe obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy was presented. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this syndrome which may manifest with oral and mucosal lesions. Although rare, Goltz syndrome may be considered in the differential diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy especially in the presence of the inherent clinical features. Physicians should educate patients and address the co-morbidities associated with it through individualized treatment.

Almost Unilateral Focal Dermal Hypoplasia

Focal dermal hypoplasia, caused by mutations in PORCN, is an X-linked ectodermal dysplasia, also known as Goltz syndrome. Only seven cases of unilateral or almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia have been reported in the English literature and there have been no previously reported cases in the Republic of Korea. A 19-year-old female presented with scalp defects, skin lesions on the right leg and the right trunk, and syndactyly of the right fourth and fifth toes. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple atrophic plaques and a brown and yellow mass with fat herniation and telangiectasia that was mostly located on the lower right leg. She had syndactyly on the right foot and the scalp lesion appeared to be an atrophic, membranous, fibrotic alopecic scar. A biopsy of the calf revealed upper dermal extension of fat cells, dermal atrophy, and loss of dermal collagen. A diagnosis of almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia was made on the basis of physical and histologic findings. Henceforth, the patient was referred to a plastic surgeon and an orthopedics department to repair her syndactyly.

Almost Unilateral Focal Dermal Hypoplasia

Focal dermal hypoplasia, caused by mutations in PORCN, is an X-linked ectodermal dysplasia, also known as Goltz syndrome. Only seven cases of unilateral or almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia have been reported in the English literature and there have been no previously reported cases in the Republic of Korea. A 19-year-old female presented with scalp defects, skin lesions on the right leg and the right trunk, and syndactyly of the right fourth and fifth toes. Cutaneous examination revealed multiple atrophic plaques and a brown and yellow mass with fat herniation and telangiectasia that was mostly located on the lower right leg. She had syndactyly on the right foot and the scalp lesion appeared to be an atrophic, membranous, fibrotic alopecic scar. A biopsy of the calf revealed upper dermal extension of fat cells, dermal atrophy, and loss of dermal collagen. A diagnosis of almost unilateral focal dermal hypoplasia was made on the basis of physical and histologic findings. Henceforth, the patient was referred to a plastic surgeon and an orthopedics department to repair her syndactyly.

Unilateral tonsilar hypertrophy in a 4-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome)

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To report a case of unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy resulting in severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a 4-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH, Goltz or Goltz-Gorlin) Syndrome.<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong><br /><strong>Design:</strong> Case Report<br /><strong>Setting:</strong> Tertiary Private Teaching Hospital<br /><strong>Patient:</strong> One<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> A 4-year-old girl with Goltz Syndrome (classical features of cutaneous and osteopathic disorders since birth) and unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy manifested with snoring and apneic episodes at two years of age. Polysomnography revealed severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Arterial Blood Gases revealed metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia. A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy improved breathing, appetite and sleep with resolution of snoring and apneic spells and final tonsil histopathology revealed lymphoepithelial polyp.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> A 4-year-old child with Goltz syndrome who developed severe obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy was presented. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this syndrome which may manifest with oral and mucosal lesions. Although rare, Goltz syndrome may be considered in the differential diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy especially in the presence of the inherent clinical features. Physicians should educate patients and address the co-morbidities associated with it through individualized treatment.</p>

Síndrome de Goltz / Goltz's syndrome

El síndrome de Goltz, o hipoplasia dérmica focal, es un desorden multisistémico raro que involucra la piel, el sistema músculo-esquelético, los ojos, el pelo, las uñas y el riñón, entre otros, con considerable variación en los rasgos clínicos. El examen oftalmológico del caso que se presenta corresponde a una niña con microftalmia en el ojo izquierdo, obstrucción del conducto nasolagrimal en el ojo derecho y coloboma de iris y del nervio óptico del ojo microftálmico, además de esotropia sensorial. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por genética como una hipoplasia dérmica focal que, a pesar de ser poco común, debemos conocerlo para poderlo identificar si se presentara en nuestra consulta(AU)

Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia is a rare multisystemic disorder involving the skin, the musculoskeletal system, the eyes, the hair, the nails and the kidney among others, with considerable variation in clinical features. The ophthalmological examination of the case presented in this paper shows a girl who has microphthalmia in the left eye, nasolacrimal duct obstruction in the right eye and coloboma of the iris and optic nerve in the microphthalmic eye in addition to sensory esotropia. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic studies and it was focal dermal hypoplasia, which is a rare disease but we should learn about it to be able to identify it if some patient with the disease goes to our service(AU)

Enfermedades hereditarias de la dermis: revisión de la literatura / Hereditary diseases of the dermis: literature review

Nuestra piel tiene propiedades de elasticidad y firmeza, dada por las fibras del tejido conectivo ubicadas en la dermis. La elasticidad está dada principalmente por pequeñas fibraselásticas compuestas de elastina, mientras que la firmeza se explica por las redes de fibrillas de colágeno tipo I, III y V. La relevancia de estos componentes de la matriz extracelular, junto con otras fibras, como fibrilina y fibulina, se ha reflejado en el reconocimiento de diferentes enfermedades hereditarias causadas por mutaciones en estas proteínas. Muchas de éstas pueden tener características comunes, constituyendo un espectro de alteraciones, dependiendo de la proteína alterada, dando un pronóstico particular tanto en morbilidad y mortalidad. En esta revisión se desarrollarán las principales patologías de la dermis de importancia en dermatología.

Our skin is flexible and firm due to the fibers of the connective tissue in the dermis. Flexibility is mainly given by little elastic elastine fibers, meanwhile firmness is expressed by fibers networks made of collagen type I, III and V. The importance given to these components, including other fibers like fibrillin and fibulin in the extracellular matrix has been displayed in the recognition of different hereditary diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. Many of them have common characteristics, that build a wide spectrum of disorders depending on the altered protein, and give a particular prognostic in morbidity as well as in mortality. The main pathologies of the dermis with an importance in dermatology will be considered in this review.

Hipoplasia dérmica focal / Focal Dermal hypoplasia

La hipoplasia dérmica Focal (síndrome de Goltz) es una rara displasia ecto y mesodérmica, caracterizada por efectos cutáneos, esqueléticos, dentales, oculares y del tejido blando. Las mayor incidencia en mujeres se debe a un modo de herencia dominante ligada al X. Recientemente se detectaron mutaciones en el gen PORCN (locus Xp 11.23). Presentamos dos casos de esta entidad con revisión bibliográfica en su aspecto clínico, histopatológico, diagnostico y terapéutico.

Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) is a rare mesoectodermal dysplasia characterized bydefects of the skin, skeletal system, teeth, eyes and soft tissue. The predominance of femalessuggests a form of X-linked dominant inheritance in most cases. Recently mutations in the genePORCN (locus Xp11.23)were identify in Goltz syndrome patiens.We present two cases of this entity in clinical appearance, histopathology, diagnosis andtreatment, with bibliographical review.

Você conhece esta síndrome? / Do you know this syndrome?

A síndrome de Goltz é uma doença genética rara, de herança dominante ligada ao X, mais comum em doentes do sexo feminino e, na maioria das vezes, resulta no aborto dos fetos do sexo masculino. Tem um amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas possíveis. O diagnóstico consiste no somatório dos numerosos achados clínicos, radiológicos e histopatológicos. O tratamento é o aconselhamento genético, cirurgias reconstrutivas e abordagem multidisciplinar, com objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida e garantir uma vida normal e produtiva.

Goltz syndrome is a rare genetic disease of X-linked dominant inheritance. It is more common in female patients and, in most cases, results in miscarriage of male fetuses. It has a broad scope of possible clinical manifestations. Its diagnosis consists of the sum of the many clinical, radiological and histopathological findings. The treatment options are genetic counseling, reconstructive surgery and multidisciplinary approach, aiming to improve quality of life and ensure a normal and productive life.

Goltz Syndrome Associated with Omphalocele

Goltz syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by ectodermal and mesodermal dysplasia with multisystem defects. It was first reported in 1962 by Goltz as a focal dermal hypoplasia. More than 200 cases of Goltz syndrome were reported in the world literature, and 5 cases have been reported in Korea since 1994. There were few descriptions in the literature regarding surgical experience in Goltz syndrome. We report a female neonate born with omphalocele associated with Goltz syndrome that included typical cutaneous manifestations and a lobster-claw defect of the left foot. Omphalocele was successfully closed by staged reduction without any wound problems.

Hipoplasia do músculo grande dorsal: relato de caso / Latissimus dorsi muscle hypoplasy: case report

Introdução: O músculo grande dorsal é largo, um retalho muscular muito versátil e bem vascularizado. Devido a sua confiabilidade, é frequentemente usado para reconstrução de mama após mastectomia. Ele pode também ser usado na reconstrução de cabeça, pescoço e tórax, pediculado ou como retalho livre. Relato do caso: Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente no pós-operatório de 8 anos de uma mastectomia esquerda e reconstrução imediata com implante mamário de silicone, que após radioterapia evoluiu com radio dermite e extrusão do implante. Foi programada, então, reconstrução com o músculo grande dorsal e, durante a cirurgia, foi identificado um músculo hipoplásico, que inviabilizou a sua utilização para o procedimento proposto.

Introduction: The latissimus dorsi muscle is a wide and well vascularized flap with great versatility. Its reliance brings a very good option of reconstruction following mastectomy. It also can be used for head, neck and chest reconstruction both a pedicled or as a free flap. Case report: The authors present a case of a patient who was submitted to a left mastectomy 8 years ago and had immediate reconstruction with silicone implant that extruded due to radiotherapy. The initial surgery proposal was to perform a regular latissimus dorsi flap to rebuild the breast but during the procedure it was found a hypoplasic muscle that resulted in an impracticable proper reconstruction.

A novel PORCN gene mutation in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the mutation of PORCN gene in a patient with focal dermal hypoplasia and study the genotype-phenotype correlation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the family members and control subjects. PCR was carried out to amplify all the exons and adjacent splice sites of PORCN gene and mutation was detected by bidirectional sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A G149C mutation was found at exon 2 of the PORCN gene in the patient, which caused a change from Alanine to Proline at codon 38 (A38P). The patient presented mild clinical manifestations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A new missense mutation (A38P) in the PORCN was detected in the patient, which maybe one of the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between G149C genotype and moderate phenotype might be attributed to the influence of A38P missense mutation towards the corresponding protein, which is different from previous results.</p>

Split hand/split foot deformity with focal dermal hypoplasia [Goltz syndrome]

We report on a-6-months-old girl who manifested the phenotypic features of focal dermal hypoplasia. Significant limb deformities in connection with typical skin changes were documented. The family history had a high frequency of spontaneous abortions and male stillbirths. Male stillbirths are a landmark in favour of X-linked dominant pattern of inheritance. Despite the severe hand/foot deformities, the skull base and the tubular bones were sclerotic

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome

We report a case of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome in a 21-year-old man. Gorlin-Goltz syndrome [basal cell nevus syndrome] is an infrequent hereditary disease with its prevalence varying from 1 / 57,000 to 1/250,000. It is principally characterized by a wide range of developmental abnormalities. Main clinical manifestations include multiple odontogenic keratocysts of the jaws, facial basal cell carcinomas and skeletal anomalies. The prevalence varies from 1/57,000 to 1/250,000

Focal dermal hypoplasia [Goltz syndrome]

Focal Dermal Hypoplasia [FDH] is a condition of multiple features. It is important to recognize on clinical grounds, as it may show life threatening complications that need to be dealt with by properly timed interventions. A seven year old girl presented with a skin lesion that was present since birth It was distributed on the forehead, chest, upper abdomen, and buttocks .All four limbs were also involved .It consisted of linear areas of thinning of the skin, in which there was herniation of fatty tissue in the form of yellow papules, together with dyspigmentation and telangiectasia. The nails were dystrophic. There was complete syndactyly of the left second and third toes, and partial fusion of the right second and third toes. The teeth were all defective and many were carious. There are between 200-300 cases reported in literature, so it is not a rare condition. They are mostly females, as affected males do not usually survive. Papillomas in different sites may be symptomatic and require surgical intervention. It is a sex linked dominant condition associated with mutation of PORCN gene mapped to locus Xpll.23

Hipoplasia focal ectodérmica o síndrome de Goltz: manejo ortopédico témporomandibular / Focal dermal hypoplasia or Goltz síndrome: temporomandibular orthopedic management

El desarrollo embrionario es un conjunto de procesos que dan origen al organismo y en particular al macizo craneofacial. Se pueden producir múltiples alteraciones del desarrollo, dentro de las cuales está el Síndrome de Goltz. Se realiza el estudio de una paciente de sexo femenino de 21 años de edad, portadora de este síndrome, la que presenta alteraciones cutáneas, óseas y musculares. Estas se manifiestan principalmente por la falta de desarrollo del macizo craneofacial en el lado izquierdo (gran asimetría facial). A nivel dental se observa microdoncia, hipoplasia del esmalte, y una gingivitis generalizada. Asociado a este síndrome la paciente presentaba un trastorno temporomandibular severo, dolor de cabeza, dolor de oídos, mareos, sordera en el oído izquierdo y mala calidad de sueño. Es tratada durante seis meses con un plano oclusal con mayor altura de trabajo en el lado izquierdo, para estimular el trabajo muscular y descomprimir los tejidos de la ATM. Posteriormente se realiza un tratamiento de rehabilitación dental integral para lograr una estabilidad oclusal y mantener la posición mandibular. Con el tratamiento se logra un desarrollo músculo esqueletal del lado izquierdo, compensando la asimetría facial, mejoran los síntomas asociados a la patología témporomandibular, como el dolor de cabeza, la sordera izquierda y el funcionamiento articular. Podemos concluir que el Síndrome de Goltz afecta estructuras corporales y craneofaciales, provocando en esta paciente alteraciones cutáneas, esqueletales y un trastorno témporomandibular severo. El tratamiento con un aparato ortopédico permitió equilibrar el trabajo muscular del sistema craneocervicomandibular, mejorando la patología témporomandibular y los síntomas asociados.

The origin of craniofacial structures is a complex embryonary process. There could be different growth alterations of it; one of them is Goltz Syndrome. We report a case of a female patient, 21 years old who present skin, bone and muscular alterations. This alteration is mainly in the left craniofacial structures, resulting in facial asymmetry. She also presented microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, and generalized gingivitis. A severe Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) was also associated with headaches, earaches, dizziness, deafness in the left ear and poor sleep quality. She was treated for 6 months with an occlusal splint, higher in the left side to stimulate the muscular activity and give some relief to the left TMJtissues. Subsequently, a complete oral rehabilitation treatment was performed to achieve occusal stability and to perpetuate the mandibular position. After the treatment, the patient presented more development in the left muscular and skeletal structures, improving the facial symmetry, and eliminating headaches, earaches, dizziness, deafness in the left ear and poorsleep quality.